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What Are Payday Loans?

Payday loans are expensive small loans that are widely considered predatory due to exorbitant fees and short repayment periods.

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By Credible Staff
Credible Staff

Written by

Credible Staff

The goal of the Credible editorial writers and staff is to help our readers get up to speed on issues surrounding student loans, mortgage, and personal finance, so you can make informed decisions. We’re here to help you stay on top of the latest news, trends, concepts, and changes in policy and regulations.

Edited by Meredith Mangan

Written by

Meredith Mangan

Senior Editor

Meredith Mangan is a Senior Editor for Personal Finance, specializing in personal loans. Since 2011, she’s helped steer content creation in the areas of mortgages and loans, insurance, credit cards, and investing for major finance verticals, including Investopedia, Money Crashers, Credible, and The Balance Money.

Updated April 23, 2024

Editorial disclosure: Our goal is to give you the tools and confidence you need to improve your finances. Although we receive compensation from our partner lenders, whom we will always identify, all opinions are our own. Credible Operations, Inc. NMLS # 1681276, is referred to here as “Credible.”

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Payday loans are short-term, high-cost loans typically in amounts of $500 or less. As the name suggests, payday loans are intended to help borrowers cover their expenses until their next payday. However, many people end up renewing or rolling over their loans, leading to fees which can trap them in a cycle of debt.

Due to their high costs and short repayment schedules, payday loans generally aren’t recommended. Payday loan alternatives include personal loans, credit counseling, and borrowing money from friends and family. Here’s what to know about payday loans and other available options.

How do payday loans work? 

Payday loans are low-amount, high-fee loans that are available in some states. Payday loans are meant to be repaid quickly, usually within two to four weeks. But many borrowers struggle to repay payday loans on time, incurring extra fees. A study from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) found that four out of five payday loans are rolled over or reborrowed.

Learn More: How Do Payday Loans Work?
 

Important: Most states require that lenders offer no-cost extended payment plans. This is different from rolling over the amount you owe into a new payday loan, which can be an expensive and dangerous way to extend debt repayment. 

Most payday loan lenders don’t run a credit check, which can make approval easy, especially if you have bad credit. They usually want to see that you’re employed or have a source of income, and you’ll need a bank account. If approved for a payday loan, you’ll provide a means for the lender to collect payment when it’s due, such as postdating a check for the amount borrowed plus fees. The lender would then deposit that on the due date if you don’t repay the loan sooner.

If your loan is due and you can’t afford to pay, contact the lender to ask about your options. All states but Michigan require payday loan lenders to offer no-cost extended repayment plans. Keep in mind that this is different from rolling over the loan amount which will involve additional fees. If you don’t live in Michigan and need more time to pay, choose a no-cost extended repayment plan instead of a rollover.

How to get a payday loan 

The application process for a payday loan is relatively straightforward. Typically, you only need a photo ID, a bank account, and proof of income (such as a pay stub or bank statement). You also have to be 18 or older to get a payday loan.

If approved for a payday loan, you may receive funds immediately in cash, check, via a prepaid debit card, or as a direct bank deposit. It’s essential to carefully review the loan terms, including the repayment schedule, interest rate, fees, and any penalties or consequences for late payments.

Depending on your repayment agreement, the lender may collect funds on the due date through one of the following methods:

  • Cash a postdated check you provided when the loan was issued
  • Withdraw funds automatically from your bank account
  • Accept payment in-store or online

How much do payday loans cost? 

Payday loans are significantly more expensive than traditional loans or credit cards. Payday lenders generally charge a percentage or dollar amount for each $100 you borrow. Fees of $10 to $30 per $100 borrowed are common.

For example, a two-week payday loan with a $15 fee for every $100 you borrow translates to an APR of almost 400%, according to the CFPB. For context, the average interest rate on a credit card was 21.59% in February 2024, and the average interest rate on a 24-month personal loan was 12.49%, according to the Federal Reserve.

Let’s look at what a payday loan might cost in real life.

Payday loan: $500

Fees: $50 ($10 per $100 borrowed)

Total owed: $550

APR (over 2 weeks): 261%

If the due date is two weeks later, that means you need to come up with $550 (or more, depending on fees) in two weeks. If you can’t repay the full amount, the lender may offer a rollover or renewal, which may result in additional fees and keep you in debt longer.

Alternatives to payday loans 

Before getting a payday loan, it’s important to consider more affordable alternatives.

Personal loans

Personal loans are preferable to payday loans as they have lower costs and longer repayment periods. Instead of receiving a lump sum you must pay back in a couple of weeks, you can typically repay a personal loan over one or several years.

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Payday alternative loans (PALs)

Payday alternative loans (PALs) are available at credit unions. They are designed for people who need money fast and may struggle to qualify for a traditional personal loan. The APR on a payday alternative loan can be no more than 28%, which includes finance charges. Note that that's a lot better than the APRs on many payday loans (200% plus). Loans may be available up to $1,000 with terms up to 6 months.

Credit Counseling

A credit counselor can help you create a budget, provide free educational materials, and potentially negotiate with creditors on your behalf to reduce your debt through a debt management plan. You can find a nonprofit credit counseling agency through the National Foundation for Credit Counseling.

Borrow money from friends or family

Ask a friend or family member if they’d be willing to cover you until your next payday, but determine a clear repayment schedule you’re both comfortable with. For example, ask if they want the full amount back at once or if they’re willing to accept smaller payments over time. To preserve your relationship, make sure you can fulfill the payment terms you agree to.

Contact your creditors

Ask your creditors about repayment options before getting a payday loan. For example, if you’re considering a payday loan because you need to pay a credit card bill, reach out to the card issuer first. The company may be able to extend your payment due date or provide other support.

Are payday loans bad?

Payday loans are generally considered bad financial products. While payday loans can seem like an easy solution when you’re running low on cash, they come with significant risks.

The risks and criticisms of payday loans include:

  • High fees: Payday loans cost more than traditional loan products, such as personal loans. Payday loan fees can vary significantly by state. For example, the average $500 payday loan in Florida has an APR of 281%, while the average payday loan APR in Idaho is 652%, according to a 2014 Pew study.
  • Short repayment schedules: Payday loans are short-term loans that typically need to be repaid within two to four weeks. This short turnaround makes it challenging for many borrowers to repay their loans on time, often leading to additional fees and debt.

Learn More: Are Payday Loans Safe?

FAQ

How much can you get from a payday loan?

Payday loan amounts vary depending on your state’s laws and the lender. A common payday loan amount is $500. Just keep in mind you’ll need to repay both the original loan amount plus fees, which are typically at least 10% of the amount you borrow.

What happens if you can’t repay a payday loan?

If you can’t repay a payday loan, the lender may charge additional fees or interest and ultimately sell your account to a collection agency. The collection agency may then take legal action against you to recover the funds, such as a lawsuit, wage garnishment, or property lien. You’ll also see your credit score drop if the collection agency reports your account to the credit bureaus.

Why are payday loans so expensive?

Payday loans are so expensive because they’re meant for borrowers with low credit scores. To compensate for the added risk, payday lenders charge high fees over a short period of time. It’s best to pursue other types of financing before taking out a payday loan.

Can you get a payday loan with bad credit?

Getting a payday loan is possible even if you have bad credit. This is because payday lenders primarily look at your income instead of your credit score when determining your eligibility for a loan. But you may also be able to get a personal loan with bad credit, which is a better option if it’s available to you.

Meet the expert:
Credible Staff
Credible Staff

Credible Staff. The goal of the Credible editorial writers and staff is to help our readers get up to speed on issues surrounding student loans, mortgage, and personal finance, so you can make informed decisions. We’re here to help you stay on top of the latest news, trends, concepts, and changes in policy and regulations.