Average Student Loan Debt for Medical School

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Attending medical school can be extremely expensive: As of 2021, 76% to 89% of medical school graduates leave school with an average of $215,900 in education debt, according to EducationData.org.

Keep in mind that this cost doesn’t include any student loan debt students might have taken on for studies prior to attending medical school.

Although medical school graduates can generally expect to earn a six-figure salary, facing this massive amount of student loan debt can still be overwhelming.

Here’s the average medical school debt in several categories:

• Average medical school debt
• Extreme medical school debt
• Cost to repay medical school debt
• How interest piles up during residency
• Average salary with a medical school degree
• How to get rid of medical school debt
• How to refinance medical school debt

Average medical school debt

Here’s a look at the average medical school debt and earnings for graduates nationwide:

• Average medical school debt: $215,900
• Average education debt after medical school: $241,600
• Median salary with a medical school degree: $208,000
• Average salary with a medical school degree: $218,850
• Average time to repay medical school debt: 13 years

Before you attend medical school, it’s important to understand the full cost involved. This way, you can make the right decisions with your finances.

While medical school graduates generally make six-figure incomes, accruing interest on high student loan balances could lead to a longer repayment time.

Average medical school debt by year

The chart above shows average total education debt for medical school graduates is:

• For the class of 1999-2000: $127,500
• For the class of 2019-2020: $241,600

That’s an increase of 89%, without adjusting for inflation.

Total education debt includes both medical school and pre-med debt taken on to earn a bachelor’s degree.

Excluding pre-med debt and looking only at loans taken out for medical school, average medical school debt at graduation averaged:

• For the class of 1999-2000: $115,300
• For the class of 2019-2020: $215,900

That’s an increase of 87%, without adjusting for inflation.

Learn More: U.S. Student Loan Debt Statistics

Public vs. private medical school debt

Another factor in future student loan debt is where someone chooses to attend medical school. In general, private medical schools come with higher costs compared to public schools.

While only 71% of students at private medical schools graduate with education debt compared to 74% of students at public medical schools, the average private medical school debt is higher than the average public medical school debt:

• Average private medical school debt: $215,000
• Average public medical school debt: $200,000

As of 2021, graduates from the following 15 medical schools left school with the highest amounts of debt compared to other schools:

Check Out: How to Pay Off $100,000+ in Student Loans

Extreme medical school debt

Not only has average medical school debt grown significantly, but it’s not unusual for med students to borrow more than average.

Here’s how the debt levels broke down for recent medical school graduates:

Most medical students borrow less than $300,000 — but about one out of every seven medical students borrow more than that, according to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC).

Looking only at members of the class of 2021 who borrowed to get their degree, AAMC found:

• Borrowed less than $150,000: 21.1%
• Borrowed $150,000 to $299,999: 37.4%
• Borrowed $300,000 or more: 14.3%

Looking at all members of the class of 2021:

• Graduated without debt: 29.5%
• Graduates with debt who plan to apply for loan forgiveness: 46.7%

Learn More: 5 Steps to Pay Off $400k in Student Loans

Cost to repay medical school debt

The cost to repay medical school debt depends primarily on three factors:

1. The interest rates on your loans
2. What you do with your loans in residency
3. How long it takes you to pay your loans back

If you’re wondering how long it’ll take to pay off your student loans and how much it will cost, enter your current loan information into the calculator below to find out. Use the slider to see how increasing your payments can change the payoff date.

Average interest rates on medical school loans

If you’re using federal student loans to pay for medical school along with your pre-med studies, there are three interest rate tiers to expect — one for undergraduates, one for graduate students, and one for PLUS Loans.

Many doctors will have all three types of loans by the time they graduate from medical school.

Based on average student loan interest rates in recent years, a typical medical school graduate would have loan balances and interest rates that look like this:

Typical loan balances and interest rates for med school grads

Most graduate and professional students can borrow up to an aggregate limit of $138,500 in federal Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans (no more than $65,500 in subsidized loans). But if you attend medical school, you might qualify for a higher limit in unsubsidized loans.

Once medical school students have exhausted their subsidized and unsubsidized loan limits, they could turn to federal Direct PLUS Loans or private student loans. These loan types could cover your school’s cost of attendance (minus any other financial aid you’ve received).

Check Out: Average Grad School Debt in the U.S.

How interest piles up during residency

In addition to the interest rates on your loans, your repayment costs will depend on how long it takes you to pay back your loans. Residency can add three to seven years to your repayment timeline.

During residency, many medical school grads make only partial monthly payments on their loans or no payments at all. Here are a few things to remember when it comes to interest:

• Most loans will accrue interest during residency. With the exception of need-based subsidized loans taken out as an undergraduate, federal and private student loans continue to accrue interest during residency.
• Payments might not cover total interest. If your loans are in deferment or forbearance or you enroll in an income-driven repayment plan like Revised Pay As You Earn (REPAYE), your monthly payments may not cover the interest you owe.
• Interest could capitalize. Some or all of the unpaid interest you owe could capitalize when you finish your residency — meaning it will be added to your loan balance.

Below, you can see how interest could pile up during the six-month grace period that comes with most federal student loans after graduation as well as during your three years of residency.

This table assumes that you’ll request mandatory forbearance after your grace period and make no payments on your loans during residency.

Learn More: How to Pay Off $200,000 in Student Loans

Average salary with a medical school degree

Starting your medical career with more than $200,000 in student loan debt might sound frightening. But the good news is that most new doctors earn a salary that’s equal to or greater than their total debt — making it easier to manage.

As of May 2020, doctors earned the following according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics:

• Median: $208,000
• Average: $218,850

Here’s how these earnings break down by specialty:

Check Out: Student Loan Requirements: How to Qualify for a Student Loan

How to get rid of medical school debt

While most doctors will eventually earn a high salary, they also end up with more student loan debt compared to other graduate and professional students for their degrees. Additionally, they bring in a relatively low income during their three to seven years of residency.

Thankfully, there are a few options available that could help you more easily pay off your medical school debt.

1. Explore loan forgiveness

If you’re a medical professional who works for a nonprofit or government agency, you might be eligible for Public Service Loan Forgiveness after making qualifying payments for 10 years.

Or you could consider signing up for an income-driven repayment (IDR) plan. On an IDR plan, your payments will be based on your income — typically 10% to 20% of your discretionary income. Any remaining balance could be forgiven after 20 to 25 years, depending on the plan.

2. Be proactive during residency

Residents typically don’t earn enough to make full payments on their student loans. If this applies to you, consider:

• Requesting a mandatory forbearance: This will let you temporarily pause your payments during residency. Just keep in mind that your loans will continue accruing interest during forbearance.
• Signing up for an IDR or graduated repayment plan: Under an IDR plan, your payments will be based on your income, while a graduated repayment plan will start off with low payments that increase every two years. Making payments under either of these options could help keep your interest from wildly accruing.

3. Consider a more aggressive repayment schedule post-residency

Once you complete your residency and begin making a higher salary, you might be able to manage a more aggressive repayment plan.

In general, paying your loans off faster will save you money on interest and reduce your overall loan cost.

4. Look into refinancing

Refinancing your student loans might be a good idea in some cases. Depending on your credit, you might qualify for a lower interest rate through refinancing — which could reduce your interest charges and possibly help you pay off your student loans faster.

Or you could opt to extend your repayment term to get a lower monthly payment. Just remember that if you choose a longer term, you’ll pay more in interest over time.

If you’re wondering how competitive your loan is, the loan score tool below can help. Just enter your APR, credit score, monthly payment, and remaining balance (estimates are fine) to see how your loan stacks up.

How to refinance medical school debt

If you decide to refinance your medical school loans, follow these four steps:

1. Research and compare lenders. Be sure to compare as many lenders as possible to find the right loan for your situation. Consider not only interest rates but also repayment terms, any fees charged by the lender, and eligibility requirements.
2. Pick a loan option. After comparing lenders, pick the loan option that best suits your needs.
3. Complete the application. Once you’ve picked a lender, you’ll need to fill out the full application and submit any required documentation, such as tax returns or pay stubs. Also be prepared to provide information regarding each of the loans you want to refinance.
4. Manage your payments. If you’re approved, continue making payments on your old loans while the refinance is processed. Afterward, you might consider signing up for autopay so you won’t miss any payments in the future — many lenders offer a rate discount to borrowers who opt for automatic payments.

If you’re ready to compare lenders, Credible can help: You can see your prequalified rates from our partner lenders in the table below in two minutes — without affecting your credit.

Lender	Fixed rates from (APR)	Variable rates from (APR)	Loan terms (years)	Loan amounts
Credible Rating Credible lender ratings are evaluated by our editorial team with the help of our loan operations team. The rating criteria for lenders encompass 78 data points spanning interest rates, loan terms, eligibility requirement transparency, repayment options, fees, discounts, customer service, cosigner options, and more. Read our full methodology. View details	2.94%+	N/A	10, 15, 20	$7,500 up to up to $200,000 (larger balances require special approval)
Fixed APR: 2.94%+ Variable APR: N/A Min. credit score: Does not disclose Loan amount: $7,500 up to $500,000 Loan terms (years): 10, 15, 20 Max. undergraduate loan balance: $250,000 - $500,000 Time to fund: 4 months Repayment options: Immediate repayment, forbearance, loans discharged upon death or disability Fees: None Discounts: Autopay Eligibility: Must be a resident of Kentucky Customer service: Phone Soft credit check: No Cosigner release: After 12 months Loan servicer: Kentucky Higher Education Student Loan Corporation Max. graduate loan balance: $250,000 - $500,000 Credible Review: Advantage Education Loan review Offers Parent PLUS Refinancing : Yes
Credible Rating Credible lender ratings are evaluated by our editorial team with the help of our loan operations team. The rating criteria for lenders encompass 78 data points spanning interest rates, loan terms, eligibility requirement transparency, repayment options, fees, discounts, customer service, cosigner options, and more. Read our full methodology. View details	2.35%+	2.45%+	5, 7, 10, 15, 20	$10,000 up to $250,000 (depending on degree)
Fixed APR: 2.35%+ Variable APR: N/A Min. credit score: Does not disclose Loan amount: $10,000 to $400,000 Loan terms (years): 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 Repayment options: Military deferment, forbearance Fees: Late fee Discounts: Autopay Eligibility: Must have a credit score of at least 720, a minimum income of $60,000, and must be a resident of Texas Customer service: Email, phone Soft credit check: Does not disclose Cosigner release: No Loan servicer: Firstmark Services Max. Undergraduate Loan Balance: $100,000 - $149,000 Max. Graduate Loan Balance: $200,000 - $400,000 Offers Parent PLUS Refinancing: Does not disclose
Credible Rating Credible lender ratings are evaluated by our editorial team with the help of our loan operations team. The rating criteria for lenders encompass 78 data points spanning interest rates, loan terms, eligibility requirement transparency, repayment options, fees, discounts, customer service, cosigner options, and more. Read our full methodology. View details	3.74%+1	1.99%+1	5, 7, 10, 15, 20	$10,000 to $500,000 (depending on degree and loan type)
Fixed APR: 3.74%+1 Variable APR: 1.99%+1 Min. credit score: Does not disclose Loan amount: $10,000 to $750,000 Loan terms (years): 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 Repayment options: Immediate repayment, academic deferment, military deferment, forbearance, loans discharged upon death or disability Fees: Late fee Discounts: Autopay, loyalty Eligibility: Must be a U.S. citizen or permanent resident and have at least $10,000 in student loans Customer service: Email, phone, chat Soft credit check: Yes Cosigner release: After 24 to 36 months Loan servicer: Firstmark Services Max. Undergraduate Loan Balance: $100,000 to $149,000 Max. Graduate Loan Balance: Less than $150,000 Offers Parent PLUS Refinancing: Yes
Credible Rating Credible lender ratings are evaluated by our editorial team with the help of our loan operations team. The rating criteria for lenders encompass 78 data points spanning interest rates, loan terms, eligibility requirement transparency, repayment options, fees, discounts, customer service, cosigner options, and more. Read our full methodology. View details	3.49%+2	3.44%+2	5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 20	$5,000 to $300,000 (depending on degree type)
Fixed APR: 3.49%+2 Variable APR: 3.44%+2 Min. credit score: Does not disclose Loan amount: $5,000 to $300,000 Loan terms (years): 5, 7, 10, 12, 15 Repayment options: Military deferment, forbearance, loans discharged upon death or disability Fees: Late fee Discounts: Autopay Eligibility: All states except for ME Customer service: Email, phone, chat Soft credit check: Yes Cosigner release: After 24 to 36 months Loan servicer: College Ave Servicing LLC Max. Undergraduate Loan Balance: $100,000 to $149,000 Max. Graduate Loan Balance: Less than $300,000 Offers Parent PLUS Refinancing: Yes
Credible Rating Credible lender ratings are evaluated by our editorial team with the help of our loan operations team. The rating criteria for lenders encompass 78 data points spanning interest rates, loan terms, eligibility requirement transparency, repayment options, fees, discounts, customer service, cosigner options, and more. Read our full methodology. View details	5.44%+	5.39%+	5, 7, 10, 15, 20	$5,000 to $500,000
Fixed rate: 5.44%+ Variable rate: 5.39%+ Min. credit score: 680 Loan amount: $5,000 to $500,000 Cosigner release: Yes Loan terms (years): 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 Repayment options: Academic deferment, forbearance, loans discharged upon death or disability Fees: Late fee Discounts: Autopay Eligibility: Available in all states, except MS and NV Customer service: Email, phone, chat Soft credit check: Yes Loan servicer: FirstMark Max. undergraduate loan balance: $500,000 Max. graduate loan balance: $500,000 Offers Parent PLUS refinancing: Yes Min. income: $65,000 (for 15- and 20-year products)
Credible Rating Credible lender ratings are evaluated by our editorial team with the help of our loan operations team. The rating criteria for lenders encompass 78 data points spanning interest rates, loan terms, eligibility requirement transparency, repayment options, fees, discounts, customer service, cosigner options, and more. Read our full methodology. View details	3.41%+5	3.46%+5	5, 10, 15, 20	$1,000 to $250,000
Fixed APR: 3.41%+5 Variable APR: 3.46%+5 Min. credit score: 700 Loan amount: $7,500 to $200,000 Loan terms (years): 5, 10, 15, 20 Repayment options: Immediate repayment, academic deferment, forbearance, loans discharged upon death or disability Fees: None Discounts: Autopay Eligibility: Must be a U.S. citizen or permanent resident and submit two personal references Customer service: Email, phone Soft credit check: Yes Cosigner release: After 36 months Loan servicer: Granite State Management & Resources (GSM&R) Max. Undergraduate Loan Balance: $150,000 to $249,000 Max. Graduate Loan Balance: $150,000 to $199,000 Offers Parent PLUS Refinancing : Yes
Credible Rating Credible lender ratings are evaluated by our editorial team with the help of our loan operations team. The rating criteria for lenders encompass 78 data points spanning interest rates, loan terms, eligibility requirement transparency, repayment options, fees, discounts, customer service, cosigner options, and more. Read our full methodology. View details	2.73%+3	1.86%+3	5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 20	$15,000 to $250,000
Fixed APR: 2.73%+3 Variable APR: 1.86%+3 Min. credit score: 680 Loan amount: $15,000 to $250,000 Loan terms (years): 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 20 Repayment options: Forbearance Fees: None Discounts: None Eligibility: Must be a U.S. citizen or permanent resident, have at least $15,000 in student loan debt, and have a bachelor’s degree or higher from an approved school Customer service: Email, phone Soft credit check: Yes Cosigner release: No Loan servicer: Mohela Max. Undergraduate Loan Balance: $250,000 Max. Graduate Loan Balance: $250,000 Offers Parent PLUS Refinancing: Yes
Credible Rating Credible lender ratings are evaluated by our editorial team with the help of our loan operations team. The rating criteria for lenders encompass 78 data points spanning interest rates, loan terms, eligibility requirement transparency, repayment options, fees, discounts, customer service, cosigner options, and more. Read our full methodology. View details	3.47%+4	2.45%+4	5, 10, 15, 20	$5,000 - $250,000
Fixed APR: 3.47%+4 Variable APR: 2.45%+4 Min. credit score: 670 Loan amount: $5,000 to $250,000 Loan terms (years): 5, 10, 15, 20 Repayment options: Academic deferment, military deferment, forbearance Fees: Late fee Discounts: Autopay Eligibility: Must be U.S. citizen or permanent resident Customer service: Email, phone, chat Soft credit check: Yes Cosigner release: Yes Max undergraduate loan balance: $250,000 Max graduate loan balance: $250,000 Offers Parent PLUS refinancing: Yes
Credible Rating Credible lender ratings are evaluated by our editorial team with the help of our loan operations team. The rating criteria for lenders encompass 78 data points spanning interest rates, loan terms, eligibility requirement transparency, repayment options, fees, discounts, customer service, cosigner options, and more. Read our full methodology. View details	4.44%+ 7	N/A	5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 20	Up to $300,000
Fixed APR: 4.44%+ 7 Variable APR: N/A Min. credit score: 670 Loan amount: Up to $300,000 Loan terms (years): 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 Time to fund: Usually one business day Repayment options: Academic deferral, military deferral, forbearance, death/disability discharge Fees: None Discounts: Autopay Eligibility: Available in all 50 states Customer service: Email, phone Soft credit check: Yes Cosigner release: After 24 months Max. undergraduate loan balance: $300,000 Max. graduate balance: $300,000 Offers Parent PLUS loans: Yes Min. income: None
Credible Rating Credible lender ratings are evaluated by our editorial team with the help of our loan operations team. The rating criteria for lenders encompass 78 data points spanning interest rates, loan terms, eligibility requirement transparency, repayment options, fees, discounts, customer service, cosigner options, and more. Read our full methodology. View details	2.69%+	2.14%+	5, 7, 10, 15	Up to $300,000
Fixed APR: 2.69%+ Variable APR: 2.14%+ Min. credit score: 700 Loan amount: $5,000 to $300,000 Loan terms (years): 5, 7, 10, 15 Max. undergraduate Loan Balance: $125,000 Time to Fund: 10 to 30 days Repayment options: Immediate repayment, forbearance Fees: Late fee Discounts: Autopay Eligibility: Must be a U.S. citizen or permanent resident and have already graduated with at least an associate degree from an eligible institution Customer service: Email, phone Soft credit check: Yes Cosigner release: After 12 months Loan servicer: LendKey Technologies Inc. Max. graduate Loan Balance: $175,000 Credible Review: LendKey Student Loans review Offers Parent PLUS Refinancing: No
Credible Rating Credible lender ratings are evaluated by our editorial team with the help of our loan operations team. The rating criteria for lenders encompass 78 data points spanning interest rates, loan terms, eligibility requirement transparency, repayment options, fees, discounts, customer service, cosigner options, and more. Read our full methodology. View details	3.45%+	N/A	7, 10, 15	$10,000 up to the total amount of qualified education debt
Fixed APR: 3.45%+ Variable APR: N/A Min. credit score: 670 Loan amount: $10,000 up to the total amount Loan terms (years): 7, 10, 15 Repayment options: Military deferment, loans discharged upon death or disability Fees: None Discounts: None Eligibility: Must be a U.S. citizen or permanent resident and have at least $10,000 in student loans Customer service: Email, phone Soft credit check: Yes Cosigner release: No Loan servicer: AES Max. Undergraduate Loan Balance: No maximum Max. Gradaute Loan Balance: No maximum Offers Parent PLUS Refinancing: Yes
Credible Rating Credible lender ratings are evaluated by our editorial team with the help of our loan operations team. The rating criteria for lenders encompass 78 data points spanning interest rates, loan terms, eligibility requirement transparency, repayment options, fees, discounts, customer service, cosigner options, and more. Read our full methodology. View details	4.49%+	N/A	5, 8, 12, 15	$7,500 to $300,000
Fixed APR: 4.49%+ Variable APR: N/A Min. credit score: 670 Loan amount: $7,500 to $300,000 Loan terms (years): 5, 8, 12, 15 Repayment options: Does not disclose Fees: None Discounts: None Eligibility: Must be a U.S. citizen and have and at least $7,500 in student loans Customer service: Email, phone, chat Soft credit check: Yes Cosigner release: After 12 months Loan servicer: PenFed Max. Undergraduate Loan Balance: $300,000 Max. Graduate Loan Balance: $300,000 Offers Parent PLUS Refinancing: Yes
Credible Rating Credible lender ratings are evaluated by our editorial team with the help of our loan operations team. The rating criteria for lenders encompass 78 data points spanning interest rates, loan terms, eligibility requirement transparency, repayment options, fees, discounts, customer service, cosigner options, and more. Read our full methodology. View details	4.29%+	N/A	5, 10, 15	$7,500 up to $250,000 (depending on highest degree earned)
Fixed APR: 4.29%+ Variable APR: N/A Min. credit score: 680 Loan amount: $7,500 to $250,000 Loan terms (years): 5, 10, 15 Repayment options: Academic deferment, military deferment, forbearance, loans discharged upon death or disability Fees: None Discounts: Autopay Eligibility: Available in all 50 states; must also have at least $7,500 in student loans and a minimum income of $40,000 Customer service: Email, phone Soft credit check: Does not disclose Cosigner release: No Loan servicer: Rhode Island Student Loan Authority Max. Undergraduate Loan Balance: $150,000 - $249,000 Max. Graduate Loan Balance: $200,000 - $249,000 Offers Parent PLUS Refinancing: Yes
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All APRs reflect autopay and loyalty discounts where available | 1Citizens Disclosures | 2College Ave Disclosures | 5EDvestinU Disclosures | 3 ELFI Disclosures | 4INvestEd Disclosures | 7ISL Education Lending Disclosures

About the author

Emily Guy Birken

Emily Guy Birken is a Credible authority on student loans and personal finance. Her work has been featured by Forbes, Kiplinger’s, Huffington Post, MSN Money, and The Washington Post online.

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