If you’re facing financial hardship and fall behind on your bills, loan default is a possible consequence. Unfortunately, default can result in late fees, a drop in your credit score, and legal action.
If you’ve defaulted on a loan or are afraid you might, don’t panic. First, there are steps you can take to prevent a personal loan default, even if you’re having trouble making your payments. There are also options available once you’ve already defaulted.
What is personal loan default?
Personal loan default means you’ve failed to make your contractually agreed-upon payments. Though you could technically be in default after a single missed payment, many lenders don’t typically consider you to be in default until you’ve missed payments for 90 days.
Default can have both short-term and long-term financial consequences. Your credit score will decline, you may have a hard time accessing credit in the future, and, in extreme situations, you may even be on the receiving end of legal action.
Personal loan default consequences
There are several possible consequences of personal loan default.
- Late fees: Your lender may charge you a late fee as soon as the day after your missed payment. In fact, you’re likely to be charged a late fee before your loan is even considered in default.
- Missed payments reported: Your lender will report your missed payments to the three credit bureaus. These missed payments will negatively impact your payment history, and your credit score is likely to drop. The amount your credit score will drop after default depends on a variety of factors, but based on FICO data, the decrease could be upward of 100 points, especially if you had good credit to begin with.
- Debt could be sent to collections: Your lender might sell your debt to a collections agency, which would then pursue payment from you.
- Legal action: A lender could also sue you for the amount you still owe, possibly resulting in wage garnishment. A portion of your paycheck is then withheld to pay off your debt.
- Long-term credit impact: Missed payments remain on your credit report for 7 years, meaning your score may continue to suffer. During that time, you could be denied loans and credit cards or be charged higher interest rates due to the perceived increased risk of lending to you.
How to prevent personal loan default
Default isn’t your only option. Here are a few steps to take to avoid that outcome:
- Create a budget: If you’re struggling to pay your bills each month, your first step should be creating a budget. You’ll be able to see if you’re overspending or whether your income isn’t high enough to meet your financial obligations.
- Contact your lender: Your lender may be willing to work with you to modify your payments or even pause them temporarily. It’s best to contact them proactively, before you default.
- Tap into your emergency fund: Consider using your emergency fund to make your loan payments until you can get back on your feet. This is a short-term solution, however, as you don’t want to drain your savings.
- Set up automatic payments: Set up automatic payments to help prevent missed payments. Just note that this method isn't a failsafe. Your bank could still send the payment late, in some cases, so schedule autopays early so you have time to make sure they go through.
- Refinance your personal loan: This may only be an option if your credit hasn't yet taken a hit, as you'll want to have decent credit to qualify for a personal loan refinance. Even if you can't get a lower rate (and thereby a lower payment) through refinancing, you may be able to extend your the repayment term, which could lower your payment enough to make it affordable.
Tip
If your monthly payments are too high for your budget, consider a debt consolidation loan. Your debt is consolidated into one monthly payment, and you may get a lower APR, which can help ease the burden.
Personal loan refinance rates
Advertiser DisclosureOverview
Lightstream is one of three Credible partner lenders to offer loan amounts up to $100,000, which makes it ideal for financing large expenses like home improvements or weddings. Funds are available as soon as the same day you apply, and you'll have up to 12 years to repay certain types of loans, including home improvement loans, RV loans, and boat loans. There are no origination fees, and rates are low — Lightstream's lowest APR beats SoFi's advertised lowest APR by 1 percentage point. But you'll need good credit to qualify.
Unlike most lenders, Lightstream does not let you prequalify on its site. Nor does it provide a contact phone number next to its customer service hours on its website.
Repayment terms
2 - 12 years, depending on loan purpose
Eligibility
Available in all states except RI and VT
Time to get funds
As soon as the next business day
Loan uses
Credit card refinancing, debt consolidation, home improvement, and other purposes
Read full reviewOverview
Upstart has one of the lowest available APRs of Credible partner lenders and of all non-partners we reviewed, making it a good choice for well-qualified applicants. However, it's also is one of few lenders that doesn't have a minimum credit score requirement (if you apply on the lender's website), which makes it an option if you have bad credit or no credit history. Upstart may charge an origination fee as high as 12%, but good-credit borrowers may not be charged one at all.
Trustpilot gives Upstart 4.9 stars, which is the highest of all lenders we reviewed.
Time to get funds
As soon as 1 to 3 business days
Loan uses
Pay off credit cards, consolidate debt, relocate, make a large purchase, and other purposes
Read full reviewOverview
Discover Personal Loans offers low APRs, repayment terms up to seven years, no origination fees, nationwide availability, and doesn't require your Social Security number to prequalify on its site. You'll need to have an annual income of at least $40,000, and a FICO score 660 or higher, to be eligible. If your credit score is fair or poor, you'll need to go elsewhere, as Discover doesn't allow cosigners.
Funds are available as soon as the next business day after loan approval.
Eligibility
Available in all 50 states
Time to get funds
Funds can be sent as soon as the next business day after acceptance
Loan uses
Auto repair, credit card refinancing, debt consolidation, home remodel or repair, major purchase, medical expenses, taxes, vacation, and wedding
Read full reviewOverview
Upgrade has a suite of features that make it a very attractive lender: competitive interest rates, discounts for direct pay and autopay, as soon as same-day funding, up to seven-year repayment terms, and nationwide availability. Plus, loans are available to fair-credit borrowers, and you don't need to input your Social Security number to prequalify on the website. Upgrade even offers secured personal loans, which is not common among lenders.
However, Upgrade does charge an origination fee of 1.85% to 9.99%. You must have a FICO score of at least 600 and a minimum income of $25,000 annually to qualify.
Loan amount
$1,000 to $50,000 ($3,005 minimum in GA; $6,600 minimum in MA)
Loan uses
Credit card refinancing, debt consolidation, home improvement, major purchase, other
Read full reviewOverview
LendingClub is a solid lender for good credit borrowers and some fair credit borrowers that apply directly on its website. It's easy to prequalify with LendingClub, especially if you're uncomfortable providing your Social Security number, as the company doesn't require it at the prequalification stage. (You will need to provide it if you move forward with a full application.)
While prequalification is not a guarantee that you'll be approved for a loan, LendingClub does a better job than most other Credible partner lenders at approving applicants that have successfully prequalified. In other words, you're less likely to have your application declined once you apply (if you've already prequalified). LendingClub may charge an origination fee between 3% and 8%.
Eligibility
Available in all 50 states
Loan uses
Debt consolidation, paying off credit cards
Read full reviewOverview
SoFi stands out for offering no-fee personal loans with competitive rates, high loan amounts, long loan terms, discounts for autopay and direct pay, and funding as soon as the same day. Plus, SoFi prioritizes convenience for existing and potential customers with features like live chat and an easy prequalification process that doesn't require your Social Security number.
The main catch is that you need to qualify for a loan with SoFi, which can be hard to do if you don't have good credit. You also won't be able to apply with a cosigner, since SoFi doesn't accept cosigners; nor does it offer secured personal loans.
Fees
Option to pay an origination fee (up to 6%) in exchange for a lower rate
Time to get funds
Typically within a few days, given approval and bank account verification, but sometimes within the same day
Loan uses
Solely for personal, family, or household uses
Read full reviewOverview
Best Egg is a solid lender for a wide range of borrowers and, notably, scored second for personal loan satisfaction in J.D. Power's Consumer Lending Study. It offers competitive rates, reasonable loan terms and amounts, and personal loans for fair credit. You'll need a FICO score of at least 600 to qualify, but the lower your score, the higher your APR may be. The APR includes the interest rate and origination fees, which range from 0.99% to 8.99% with Best Egg.
Note that if you successfully prequalify with Best Egg, you may be more likely to be approved for the loan relative to other lenders you prequalify with. Based on Credible data, borrowers who chose to apply for a loan with Best Egg were more than twice as likely to be approved (relative to most other Credible partners).
Fees
Origination fee, late fee, unsuccessful payment fee, check processing fee
Eligibility
Available in all states except DC, IA, VT, and WV
Time to get funds
As soon as 1 to 3 business days after successful verification
Loan uses
Credit card refinancing, debt consolidation, home improvement, and other purposes
Read full reviewOverview
Avant personal loans are a good choice for borrowers with bad credit looking for small- to moderate-sized personal loans. Loans are available up to $35,000 and you could get the money as soon as the next business day after approval. Plus, Avant is more likely than some lenders to approve the applications of borrowers who've prequalified with Avant. However, the lender charges an origination fee up to 9.99%, and its top-range interest rates are among the highest of the lenders we reviewed.
Fees
Origination fee, late fee, dishonored payment fee
Eligibility
Available in all states except HI, IA, MA, ME, NY, VT, and WV
Time to get funds
As soon as the next business day (if approved by 4:30 p.m. CT on a weekday)
Loan uses
Debt consolidation, emergency expense, life event, home improvement, and other purposes
Repayment terms
1 to 5 years (2 to 5 years through Credible)
Read full reviewOverview
It’s worth considering a personal loan through Splash if you have good credit (ideally, a FICO score above 700). The platform offers loans from a wide range of lenders, and next-day funding is available. Plus, Splash has a live chat feature so you can get real-time answers without having to wait on hold or for an email. Loans are available up to $100,000 if you apply via Splash’s website.
Rates are competitive, but borrowers with excellent credit may find lower APRs elsewhere. If you need a repayment term longer than five years, you’ll need to look elsewhere as well.
Loan amount
$5,000 - $100,000 (up to $35,000 on Credible)
Eligibility
Available in all states except VT. OH and NM net disbursed amount must be greater than $5,000. MA must be greater than $6,000
Time to get funds
Same day available, typically 1-3 days
Loan uses
Debt consolidation, home improvement, medical expenses, major purchases
Read full reviewOverview
Universal Credit is one of a handful of lenders that offers personal loans for bad credit. If your FICO credit score is at least 560, you may be eligible for a Universal Credit personal loan. It offers loan amounts up to $50,000, repayment terms up to seven years, and discounts for direct pay and autopay. Funds are available as soon as the next business day after loan approval.
Note that rates and fees can be relatively high — you may pay an origination fee from 5.25% to 9.99%, and APRs start at 11.69%. If you get a loan with a high interest rate, consider refinancing your personal loan at a lower rate once you've improved your credit score.
Eligibility
A U.S. citizen or permanent resident; not available in DC, IA, SC, WV
Time to get funds
As soon as 1 business day after acceptance
Loan uses
Debt consolidation, pay off credit cards, home improvements, unexpected expenses, home and auto repairs, weddings, and other major purchases
Read full reviewOverview
Happy Money has been in operation since 2009 (formerly known as Payoff). It's an option for fair-credit borrowers (plus those with better credit), and notably has a relatively low top-end APR. In other words, you could qualify for a lower rate with Happy Money with fair credit, relative to other lenders that offer fair-credit loans. The company does charge an origination fee on some loans, up to 5%, but that's not as high as some other lenders' origination fees.
You should be prepared to wait a few days to get your money, as funding can take three to five days once approved. And loans aren't available in Massachusetts or Nevada. Happy Money has an A+ rating with the BBB and is ideal for debt consolidation and credit card consolidation loans.
Eligibility
Available in all states except MA, MS, NV, and OH
Time to get funds
As soon as 2 - 5 business days after verification
Loan uses
Debt consolidation and credit card consolidation only
Read full reviewOverview
BHG Money stands out for offering the largest loan amounts — up to $200,000 — of any Credible partner lenders. Simply put, if you need an unsecured personal loan over $100,000, there are very few places to look, but BHG is one. You'll have up to 10 years to repay the loan, but you'll need an annual income of at least $100,000 to qualify and a FICO score that's 660 or higher. However, if you have a cosigner that meets these requirements, BHG will consider your application.
Loan amounts start at $20,000, so look elsewhere for small loans. And BHG charges a modest origination fee between 2% and 4%, depending on your financial profile. Loan funds are available within three to 14 days of loan approval. Note that you can't prequalify with BHG.
Fees
Origination fees, late fees
Eligibility
Available in all states except Maryland and Illinois
Loan uses
Debt consolidation, baby (adoption), engagement ring financing, moving (relocation), business, home improvement, special occasion, cosmetic procedures, major purchase, taxes, credit card refinancing, medical expenses, vacation, wedding, other
Read full reviewFees
Origination Fee, $15 Late Fee, $25 NSF Fee
Eligibility
Available in all states except CO, CT, ME, NV, NH, TN, VT, WV, WY, and all U.S. Territories
Time to get funds
Funds typically deposited into your account in 1 business day13
Loan uses
Debt consolidation, credit card refinancing
Read full reviewOverview
OneMain Financial has multiple options for bad-credit personal loans. There is no minimum credit score required (if you apply directly with OneMain), which means you could get a loan with bad credit (FICO below 580). Plus, cosigners are allowed — a cosigner is someone (ideally, with good credit) who promises to repay the loan if you can't, which can make it easier to qualify or lower your rate. And, secured personal loans are available. You secure a loan with collateral, which may also help you qualify or lower your rate.
Rates are higher than competitors and OneMain charges origination fees as either a flat fee up to $500, or a percentage from 1% to 10% (depending on your state of residence). Note that even if you prequalify for a personal loan with OneMain, getting approved isn't a given.
Fees
Origination fee, unsuccessful payment fee, late fee
Eligibility
Must have photo I.D. issued by U.S. federal, state or local government
Time to get funds
As soon as 1 to 2 days after acceptance
Loan use
All except business, and education
Read full reviewWhat to do if you default on a personal loan
The sooner you get caught up on your payments, the more you can contain the impact on your credit score and the less likely your lender is to pursue any legal action.
- Discuss repayment options with your lender: Start by contacting your lender to see if it has any repayment options. If you show a willingness to get caught up on your payments, it could make it more likely to work with you.
- Look into debt management: You can work with a credit counseling agency to set up a debt management plan. A credit counselor will review your financial situation, and will develop a payment plan to help you pay off your debt. You’ll make regular, on-time payments to the credit counseling agency, who will then use your payments to pay your creditors. While you’re on this plan, you’ll have to agree not to apply for additional credit or get into any more debt.
Warning
Debt settlement companies negotiate with creditors to settle your debt for less than what you owe, but there’s typically a fee, you must stop paying your credit cards — leaving you open to legal action — and there’s no guarantee it will work.
Learn More: Pros and Cons of Debt Consolidation
Personal loan default FAQ
How can I rebuild my credit after defaulting on a personal loan?
The first step that can help you rebuild your credit is to get caught up on your payments. After that, focus on making on-time payments each month. Over time, the impact of your default will lessen as you have more on-time payments.
Is it possible to remove a personal loan default from my credit report?
Some lenders may be willing to remove a personal loan default from your credit report in exchange for paying the bill in full — this is known as a pay-for-deletion agreement. However, having the default removed from your credit isn’t guaranteed. Another option to consider is disputing the default with the three credit bureaus, but that will only work if the reported default isn’t legitimate.
What legal actions can a lender take against me if I default on a personal loan?
If you default on a personal loan, there are several actions lenders can take to recoup their losses, including selling the loan to a collections agency, seizing your collateral (if it was a secured loan), or taking you to court for the unpaid debt.
Meet the expert:
Erin Gobler
Erin Gobler is a freelance personal finance writer with more than eight years of experience writing online. She’s passionate about making the financial services industry more accessible by breaking down complicated financial topics in simple terms.