While most personal loans are unsecured, some lenders offer secured personal loans that can potentially reduce your annual percentage rate (APR) or make it easier to qualify. The difference between secured and unsecured personal loans is collateral. A secured loan is guaranteed by some form of collateral, like your car or the fixtures in your home, whereas an unsecured loan is not.
Whether you should use a secured or unsecured loan depends on your credit score, what assets you own, and what you’re planning to use the money for. Before applying for a personal loan, make sure you understand how each type works to choose the best personal loan for your situation.
Types of unsecured loans
There are several types of unsecured loans:
- Personal loans: As noted, personal loans can be either secured or unsecured, with the bulk being unsecured. Personal loans provide a sum of cash upfront that you can use for almost any purpose. The loan is typically paid back in monthly installments with interest over a period of years.
- Credit card: A credit card is perhaps the most common type of unsecured debt. You’re offered a credit limit based on your credit history and can freely spend up to that credit limit. However, you must make at least the minimum monthly payment to avoid hurting your credit score. The average credit card interest rate was 21.51%, according to the Federal Reserve.
- Student loan: A student loan helps you pay for expenses related to higher education, including tuition, room, and board. Student loans are offered by both the federal government and private lenders.
- Personal line of credit: A personal line of credit is like a mix between a personal loan and a credit card. You can draw from a credit line at any time, but only up to your credit limit, similar to a credit card.
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Types of secured loans
Any loan that requires collateral is a secured loan. Here are some general types of secured loans:
- Mortgage: A mortgage is a secured loan used to buy a home. When you buy a home, the house itself serves as the collateral. If you fail to make your mortgage payments, your lender may foreclose on your home.
- Auto loan: When you finance a car, you usually do so with a secured auto loan. Just like with a mortgage, if you don’t make your car payments, the lender can seize your vehicle — this is known as repossession.
- Secured credit card: A secured credit card is one that requires a security deposit when you sign up. You’ll use it like a normal credit card, but the card issuer will hold on to your security deposit in case you don’t pay back what you’ve used.
- Home equity loans and HELOCs: Both home equity loans and home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) are ways of using your home as collateral for a loan, similar to your mortgage. These loans are sometimes known as second mortgages and are based on how much equity you have in your home.
- Personal loans: Personal loans are typically unsecured, but some lenders offer secured personal loans, which can make it easier to qualify or lower your rate.
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Related: Auto Loan vs. Personal Loan
Differences between secured and unsecured loans
The key difference between a secured and unsecured loan is that a secured loan requires collateral, while an unsecured loan doesn’t.
The collateral serves as an insurance policy for the lender. If you fail to make your loan payments on a secured loan, the lender can seize your collateral, which could be your home, your car, money in your bank account, or something else of value, depending on the type of loan. For example, a mortgage is a type of loan secured by your home, as is a home equity loan, while an auto loan is secured by the car you drive. Personal loans, on the other hand, can be either secured or unsecured — and most are unsecured.
| | |
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| Lower credit scores accepted | Requires a higher credit score |
| May be able to borrow more | Less borrowing power relative to a secured loan |
| | |
| | Doesn’t require collateral |
| | |
| Risk of losing the asset securing the loan | Less risk in the event of a default |
Securing a loan with collateral impacts the loan’s terms in both positive and negative ways. Generally speaking, a secured loan may be easier to qualify for or offer a lower rate, but you risk losing the asset you put up as collateral if you miss too many payments.
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How to get a secured personal loan
Secured personal loans aren’t as common as unsecured ones, but there are lenders that offer them. When you apply, you’ll have to provide an asset of yours to serve as collateral. Acceptable types of assets will vary by lender, but some things that could be used as collateral on secured personal loans include certain financial accounts, your vehicle, and items in your home.
Despite having collateral for your loan, you’ll still have to meet other loan requirements, including:
- Minimum credit score: Lenders prefer borrowers with a good FICO score, which is above 670. But with a secured loan, you may qualify with a fair (580 to 669) or even poor (less than 580) FICO score.
- Minimum annual income: Lenders each have their own minimum income requirements. Some may be as high as $100,000 annually, while others may be less than $5,000. Securing your loan with collateral could improve your application if your income is low.
- Debt-to-income ratio: Lenders consider your debt-to-income ratio (DTI), or how much of your monthly income goes toward current debt. Most prefer a DTI below 35%.
Review lender requirements to determine which fit your situation — look for lenders that accept borrowers with your credit score and income, for example. Also, consider how long you’ll need to repay the loan and find lenders that offer the repayment term you're looking for. Once you’ve narrowed the field, prequalify with multiple lenders to compare loan estimates.
Important: When you prequalify, the lender will conduct a soft credit inquiry, which does not hurt your credit score. However, when you apply for a personal loan, your credit score may decrease temporarily by a few points.
Once you’ve compared lenders and quotes, choose which loan you’d like to apply for. You’ll need to provide proof of income, such as pay statements and/or bank statements, and proof of the collateral’s worth. Secured loans may take longer to process (and get approved for) since the lender needs to verify the value of your collateral.
Once your loan is approved, review the agreement and sign if it’s acceptable. Be sure to make on-time payments to avoid hurting your credit score and putting your collateral at risk. Because unsecured loans are riskier for borrowers, they tend to make more sense if you’re struggling to qualify for a personal loan due to a low credit score, insufficient income, or a high DTI.
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How to get an unsecured personal loan
Unsecured personal loans are significantly easier to find because so many lenders offer them. But the process of comparing and applying for an unsecured personal loan is virtually the same as applying for a secured personal loan. The only difference is you don’t need to prove the value of your collateral — which means unsecured personal loans may be approved as soon as the same day you apply, depending on the lender.
However, you may be subject to stricter borrowing requirements or be approved at a higher APR. The stricter requirements account for the fact that the lender is taking on more risk relative to a secured loan. Unsecured loans are often a better fit for borrowers with a good credit score and profile.
Advertiser DisclosureOverview
Lightstream is one of three Credible partner lenders to offer loan amounts up to $100,000, which makes it ideal for financing large expenses like home improvements or weddings. Funds are available as soon as the same day you apply, and you'll have up to 20 years to repay certain types of loans, including home improvement loans, RV loans, and boat loans. There are no origination fees, and rates are low — Lightstream's lowest APR beats SoFi's advertised lowest APR by 1 percentage point. But you'll need good credit to qualify.
Unlike most lenders, Lightstream does not let you prequalify on its site. Nor does it provide a contact phone number next to its customer service hours on its website.
Repayment terms
2 - 20 years, depending on loan purpose
Eligibility
Available in all states except RI and VT
Time to get funds
As soon as the same business day
Loan uses
Credit card refinancing, debt consolidation, home improvement, and other purposes
Read full reviewOverview
Upstart has one of the lowest available APRs of Credible partner lenders and of all non-partners we reviewed, making it a good choice for well-qualified applicants. However, it's also is one of few lenders that doesn't have a minimum credit score requirement (if you apply on the lender's website), which makes it an option if you have bad credit or no credit history. Upstart may charge an origination fee as high as 12%, but good-credit borrowers may not be charged one at all.
Trustpilot gives Upstart 4.9 stars, which is the highest of all lenders we reviewed.
Time to get funds
As soon as 1 to 3 business days
Loan uses
Pay off credit cards, consolidate debt, relocate, make a large purchase, and other purposes
Read full reviewOverview
Discover Personal Loans offers low APRs, repayment terms up to seven years, no origination fees, nationwide availability, and doesn't require your Social Security number to prequalify on its site. You'll need to have an annual income of at least $40,000, and a FICO score 660 or higher, to be eligible. If your credit score is fair or poor, you'll need to go elsewhere, as Discover doesn't allow cosigners.
Funds are available as soon as the next business day after loan approval.
Eligibility
Available in all 50 states
Time to get funds
Funds can be sent as soon as the next business day after acceptance
Loan uses
Auto repair, credit card refinancing, debt consolidation, home remodel or repair, major purchase, medical expenses, taxes, vacation, and wedding
Read full reviewOverview
LendingClub is a solid lender for good credit borrowers and some fair credit borrowers that apply directly on its website. It's easy to prequalify with LendingClub, especially if you're uncomfortable providing your Social Security number, as the company doesn't require it at the prequalification stage. (You will need to provide it if you move forward with a full application.)
While prequalification is not a guarantee that you'll be approved for a loan, LendingClub does a better job than most other Credible partner lenders at approving applicants that have successfully prequalified. In other words, you're less likely to have your application declined once you apply (if you've already prequalified). LendingClub may charge an origination fee between 3% and 8%.
Eligibility
Available in all 50 states
Loan uses
Debt consolidation, paying off credit cards
Read full reviewOverview
SoFi stands out for offering no-fee personal loans with competitive rates, high loan amounts, long loan terms, discounts for autopay and direct pay, and funding as soon as the same day. Plus, SoFi prioritizes convenience for existing and potential customers with features like live chat and an easy prequalification process that doesn't require your Social Security number.
The main catch is that you need to qualify for a loan with SoFi, which can be hard to do if you don't have good credit. You also won't be able to apply with a cosigner, since SoFi doesn't accept cosigners; nor does it offer secured personal loans.
Fees
Option to pay an origination fee in exchange for a lower rate
Time to get funds
Typically within a few days, given approval and bank account verification, but sometimes within the same day
Loan uses
Solely for personal, family, or household uses
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Best Egg is a solid lender for a wide range of borrowers and, notably, scored second for personal loan satisfaction in J.D. Power's Consumer Lending Study. It offers competitive rates, reasonable loan terms and amounts, and personal loans for fair credit. You'll need a FICO score of at least 600 to qualify, but the lower your score, the higher your APR may be. The APR includes the interest rate and origination fees, which range from 0.99% to 9.99% with Best Egg.
Note that if you successfully prequalify with Best Egg, you may be more likely to be approved for the loan relative to other lenders you prequalify with. Based on Credible data, borrowers who chose to apply for a loan with Best Egg were more than twice as likely to be approved (relative to most other Credible partners).
Fees
Origination fee, late fee, unsuccessful payment fee, check processing fee
Eligibility
Available in all states except DC, IA, VT, and WV
Time to get funds
As soon as 1 to 3 business days after successful verification
Loan uses
Credit card refinancing, debt consolidation, home improvement, and other purposes
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Avant personal loans are a good choice for borrowers with bad credit looking for small- to moderate-sized personal loans. Loans are available up to $35,000 and you could get the money as soon as the next business day after approval. Plus, Avant is more likely than some lenders to approve the applications of borrowers who've prequalified with Avant. However, the lender charges an origination fee up to 9.99%, and its top-range interest rates are among the highest of the lenders we reviewed.
Fees
Origination fee, late fee, dishonored payment fee
Eligibility
Available in all states except HI, IA, MA, ME, NY, VT, and WV
Time to get funds
As soon as the next business day (if approved by 4:30 p.m. CT on a weekday)
Loan uses
Debt consolidation, emergency expense, life event, home improvement, and other purposes
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Upgrade has a suite of features that make it a very attractive lender: competitive interest rates, discounts for direct pay and autopay, as soon as same-day funding, up to seven-year repayment terms, and nationwide availability. Plus, loans are available to fair-credit borrowers, and you don't need to input your Social Security number to prequalify on the website. Upgrade even offers secured personal loans, which is not common among lenders.
However, Upgrade does charge an origination fee of 1.85% to 9.99%. You must have a FICO score of at least 600 and a minimum income of $25,000 annually to qualify.
Loan amount
$1,000 to $50,000 ($3,005 minimum in GA; $6,600 minimum in MA)
Loan uses
Credit card refinancing, debt consolidation, home improvement, major purchase, other
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It’s worth considering a personal loan through Splash if you have good credit (ideally, a FICO score above 700). The platform offers loans from a wide range of lenders, and next-day funding is available. Plus, Splash has a live chat feature so you can get real-time answers without having to wait on hold or for an email. Loans are available up to $100,000 if you apply via Splash’s website.
Rates are competitive, but borrowers with excellent credit may find lower APRs elsewhere. If you need a repayment term longer than five years, you’ll need to look elsewhere as well.
Loan amount
$5,000 - $100,000 (up to $35,000 on Credible)
Eligibility
Available in all states except VT. OH and NM net disbursed amount must be greater than $5,000. MA must be greater than $6,000
Time to get funds
Same day available, typically 1-3 days
Loan uses
Debt consolidation, home improvement, medical expenses, major purchases
Read full reviewOverview
Universal Credit is one of a handful of lenders that offers personal loans for bad credit. If your FICO credit score is at least 560, you may be eligible for a Universal Credit personal loan. It offers loan amounts up to $50,000, repayment terms up to seven years, and discounts for direct pay and autopay. Funds are available as soon as the next business day after loan approval.
Note that rates and fees can be relatively high — you may pay an origination fee from 5.25% to 9.99%, and APRs start at 11.69%. If you get a loan with a high interest rate, consider refinancing your personal loan at a lower rate once you've improved your credit score.
Eligibility
A U.S. citizen or permanent resident; not available in DC, IA, SC, WV
Time to get funds
As soon as 1 business day after acceptance
Loan uses
Debt consolidation, pay off credit cards, home improvements, unexpected expenses, home and auto repairs, weddings, and other major purchases
Read full reviewOverview
Happy Money has been in operation since 2009 (formerly known as Payoff). It's an option for fair-credit borrowers (plus those with better credit), and notably has a relatively low top-end APR. In other words, you could qualify for a lower rate with Happy Money with fair credit, relative to other lenders that offer fair-credit loans. The company does charge an origination fee on some loans, up to 5%, but that's not as high as some other lenders' origination fees.
You should be prepared to wait a few days to get your money, as funding can take three to five days once approved. And loans aren't available in Massachusetts or Nevada. Happy Money has an A+ rating with the BBB and is ideal for debt consolidation and credit card consolidation loans.
Eligibility
Available in all states except MA, MS, NV, and OH
Time to get funds
As soon as 2 - 5 business days after verification
Loan uses
Debt consolidation and credit card consolidation only
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BHG Financial stands out for offering the largest loan amounts — up to $200,0001 — of any Credible partner lenders. Simply put, if you need an unsecured personal loan over $100,000, there are very few places to look, but BHG is one. You'll have up to 10 years to repay the loan, but you'll need an annual income of at least $100,000 to qualify and a FICO score that's 6601,2 or higher.
Loan amounts start at $20,000, so look elsewhere for small loans. And BHG charges a modest origination fee between 3% and 4%, depending on your financial profile. Loan funds are available within five to 14 days of loan approval. Note that you can't prequalify with BHG.
Fees
Origination fees, late fees, other fees may apply
Eligibility
Available in all states except Illinois, North Dakota, and Montana
Loan uses
Debt consolidation, baby (adoption), engagement ring financing, moving (relocation), business, home improvement, special occasion, cosmetic procedures, major purchase, taxes, credit card refinancing, medical expenses, vacation, wedding, other
Read full reviewOverview
Reach is an option if you have fair credit, especially if you need money fast. According to the company, 90% of Reach personal loans are funded within one day of approval.
It's a good choice for debt consolidation and credit card refinancing, but borrowers with excellent credit may not find the lowest rates with Reach. The company also charges more fees than some of its competitors and doesn't offer direct pay or autopay discounts. If you need a 7-year term loan, you'll need to look elsewhere. Reach personal loans are not available in all states.
Fees
Origination Fee, $15 Late Fee, $25 NSF Fee
Eligibility
Available in all states except CO, CT, ME, NV, NH, TN, VT, WV, WY, and all U.S. Territories
Time to get funds
Funds typically deposited into your account in 1 business day13
Loan uses
Debt consolidation, credit card refinancing
Read full reviewOverview
OneMain Financial has multiple options for bad-credit personal loans. There is no minimum credit score required (if you apply directly with OneMain), which means you could get a loan with bad credit (FICO below 580). Plus, cosigners are allowed — a cosigner is someone (ideally, with good credit) who promises to repay the loan if you can't, which can make it easier to qualify or lower your rate. And, secured personal loans are available. You secure a loan with collateral, which may also help you qualify or lower your rate.
Rates are higher than competitors and OneMain charges origination fees as either a flat fee up to $500, or a percentage from 1% to 10% (depending on your state of residence). Note that even if you prequalify for a personal loan with OneMain, getting approved isn't a given.
Fees
Origination fee, unsuccessful payment fee, late fee
Eligibility
Must have photo I.D. issued by U.S. federal, state or local government
Time to get funds
As soon as 1 to 2 days after acceptance
Loan use
All except business, and education
Read full reviewFAQ
Is it better to have a secured or unsecured loan?
Whether a secured or unsecured loan is better depends on your situation. Borrowers with poor credit might find it easier to qualify for a secured loan. On the other hand, borrowers who can qualify for the best rates without collateral might prefer an unsecured loan.
What is the main difference between secured and unsecured loans?
The main difference between secured and unsecured loans is that secured loans require collateral, which the lender can seize if you fail to make your loan payments.
Are unsecured loans harder to get?
Yes, unsecured loans are often more difficult to qualify for because they are riskier for the lender. On the other hand, secured loans place more of the risk on the borrower, meaning they may be easier to qualify for.
Do secured loans hurt your credit?
Both secured and unsecured loans can impact your credit, but the impact can be positive if you make timely payments and repay the loan in full. However, you might see your credit score drop when you first apply for a loan. And if you don’t make on-time payments, or if you default, you could significantly hurt your credit.
Meet the expert:
Erin Gobler
Erin Gobler is a freelance personal finance writer with more than eight years of experience writing online. She’s passionate about making the financial services industry more accessible by breaking down complicated financial topics in simple terms.